Domain

Approaches to Learning

The "learning to learn" skills that shape how a child engages with people, materials, and ideas: curiosity and initiative, attention and executive function, working memory, and persistence. These dispositions describe how a child approaches a task rather than what they feel about it, and they are distinct from the relationship and emotion skills of social-emotional development.

Ages 0–72 months

Skills

Explores With Senses and Actions
Infant actively investigates objects and surroundings by looking, mouthing, reaching, banging, and shaking.
Distinguishes Familiar from Unfamiliar
Child recognizes familiar people, objects, and routines and notices when something is new or unexpected.
Draws on Memory to Guide Action
Child uses memories of past experiences to anticipate routines and carry out remembered actions.
Tries Strategies to Solve Problems
Child uses a variety of strategies, including persistence and trial and error, to solve everyday problems.
Manages Emotions
Child handles strong feelings, first by seeking a familiar adult and later by using simple coping strategies with growing independence.
Shows Initiative and Independence
Child starts interactions and activities on their own, makes choices, and works independently for growing stretches of time.
Reasons and Plans Ahead
Child reasons about a problem and plans a sequence of actions to reach a goal.
Uses Imagination in Play
Child shows imagination by pretending, exploring new uses for objects, and making novel things with simple materials.
Manages Actions and Behavior
Child adjusts actions, words, and behavior — first with steady adult guidance and later with increasing independence in familiar settings.
Shows Flexible Thinking
Child shifts approaches and adapts to change — trying a new strategy when one fails and adjusting behavior across settings.
Focuses Attention
Child sustains attention on a chosen activity for a developmentally appropriate stretch, resisting minor distractions.
Shows Curiosity and Asks Questions
Child notices novel or puzzling things and seeks more information by exploring, commenting, and asking questions.
Holds Information in Mind
Child keeps a small amount of information active in memory and uses it to guide a short sequence of actions.
Persists Through Challenges
Child keeps working toward a goal after setbacks, trying new strategies rather than giving up.
Cares for Materials
Child uses, handles, and puts away classroom and home materials appropriately, with increasing independence.
Controls Impulses
Child increasingly inhibits impulsive responses — waiting a turn, delaying a desire, and pausing before acting.
Follows Rules and Routines
Child follows classroom rules and daily routines with increasing independence, responding to signals for transitions.