Skill
Shows Initiative and Independence
Child starts interactions and activities on their own, makes choices, and works independently for growing stretches of time.
Ages 6–60 months
Why it matters
Initiative is the engine of self-directed learning. It starts when an infant initiates a game with a caregiver or points to a wanted toy, and grows into a preschooler who chooses an activity, gathers what they need, and plans a play scenario. Children who take initiative experience themselves as capable agents, which fuels motivation and independence across every domain.
Builds toward this milestone
- demonstrates emerging initiative in interactions, experiences, and explorations. — Head Start ELOF
- demonstrates initiative and independence. — Head Start ELOF
What mastery looks like
- Initiates interactions or shared activities with adults and peers.
- Makes choices and communicates preferences to adults and other children.
- Independently gathers the things needed to start or finish a self-chosen task.
How to observe it
- Does the child begin an activity without being told, or wait to be directed?
- When given an open choice, can the child decide and act on a preference?
Accessibility
- Display choices as pictures or objects so every child can select independently.
- Arrange materials on low, open shelves so children can gather what they need themselves.
Activities
Evidence
- Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs (4th ed.) — National Association for the Education of Young Children · 2022 · National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
Early Atlas